Stakeholders of an Organization and their Importance

The partners of an association incorporate different gatherings of either individuals who influence the business legitimately or in a roundabout way. They are sorted into four significant gatherings as clients, givers, administration, and influencers. Clients are those individuals who will be last buyers of the business merchandise or administrations; they are a piece of the business recipients for example clients (Cameron, Price, 2009:P.43).Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Stakeholders of an Organization and their Importance explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Governance are the individuals who are exceptionally intrigued on how the business is running for example the supervisory group, inspectors and so on influencers are the individuals are the individuals who are fit for altering the business perspectives and course for example, worker's guilds. At long last, benefactors are those individuals who are the business providers. Colleagues als o fall under this classification of benefactors, and any other individual giving assets to the business. The most fitting method of meeting the stakeholders’ needs is first recognizing them through the assistance of the different business group of staffs (Anderson, 2009:P.213). After ID, each gathering ought to have a key individual to speak to the entire gathering. These key individuals ought to be individuals who have the power to decide, and who can go about as channel of correspondence to their gathering. Through these key individuals, one would have the option to gain proficiency with the demeanor and the particular interests of each gathering. As one connects with these agents, the person would effectively recognize their requirements. When you find their desires from the business, it is anything but difficult to talk about with the agents on the best way to meet those desires (Silverman, 2007:P.113). Correspondence between the business and the partners ought to be a co nsistent exchange. Nonstop correspondence would prompt a viable dynamic procedure. Both inner and outer correspondence conventions can be utilized relying upon the sort of the partners. The business may utilize inside methods for correspondence, for example, leaflets, and pamphlets. As of now, organizations like to utilize the intelligent online life strategies like the web journals and the informal communities like LinkedIn, as they are quick and viable. For the business and its key partners to settle on choices rapidly, quick methods for correspondence ought to be embraced to guarantee messages are gotten by the significant gatherings and at the opportune time (Horn, 2009:P.56).Advertising Looking for paper on business financial matters? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Traditional devices of correspondence that considered only single direction correspondence is not, at this point being used. The present web based life outlet s are giving a two-way correspondence, prompt criticisms, and the business too can have a conversation with more than one client characters. Any business that considers its partners advantages is consistently at an increasingly serious edge. Every partner in a business has an alternate intrigue and desires that may help the business in strategy and task plan. At the point when the business is actualizing its arrangements and doing assessment, it is prudent to fuse the thoughts and the interests of the partners to maintain a strategic distance from some serious issues that may emerge in future. The primary objectives, authority, and connections among different partners would assist the business with facilitating change inside the most brief time conceivable (Horn, 2009:P.82). The stakeholders’ examination can enormously improve the presentation of the business through distinguishing the necessities and the interests of the frail individuals in the general public. For example, through the providers the business would be in a situation to obtain assets at moderate costs, henceforth decreasing the working costs and expanding the all out income. A solid relationship of the business with he partners would result to a well performing business with wide scope of associations (Marchington, Wilkinson, 2008:P.102). References Anderson. V. (2009). Exploration techniques in human asset the board. second ed. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. Cameron, S. Value, D. (2009). Business research techniques: a handy methodology. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Stakeholders of an Organization and their Importance explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Horn, R. (2009). Investigating and composing papers: a total guide for businessâ and the board understudies. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. Horn, R. (2009). The business aptitudes hand book. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. Marchington, M. Wilkinson, A. (2008). Human asset the executives at work: peopleâ management and improvement. fourth ed. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. Silverman, D. (2007). An extremely short, genuinely intriguing and sensibly modest book aboutâ qualitative exploration. London: Sage. This exposition on Stakeholders of an Organization and their Importance was composed and presented by client Kaylynn Hebert to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for exploration and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it appropriately. You can give your paper here.

Crafting the perfect elevator pitch

Creating the ideal lift pitch In our undeniably advanced world, cold pitching has become something of an under-appreciated skill. In any case, fresher isn’t in every case better. Warmilu author and CEO Grace Hsia clarifies why business people should grasp calls, and gives a few hints for creating an ideal pitch. [Source: Daily Fuel]

Paying your tuition bill gag COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Paying your tuition bill gag COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog SIPA, like most schools at Columbia, has its own Financial Aid Office to assist our students.   However, the office responsible for posting charges on student accounts, billing, collecting payments and issuing refunds or stipends, is Student Financial Services (SFS), a centralized office serving the entire University.   At many colleges, this is known as the Bursar’s Office.   SIPA’s Financial Aid Office does not send you your tuition bills, collect payments, or the other procedures mentioned above. The SFS website can be found at http://sfs.columbia.edu/. Some important information related to your bill and your student account: SFS will send an email to your Columbia email address (your UNI) on or about August 12 with a link to a preliminary bill, which must be paid in full by September 13. Accounts not paid in full by the due date are subject to late fees, which are assessed monthly. Interest-free monthly payment plans are available. Financial aid that has been fully processed is credited to your account.   Please respond to all requests for documentation from the Financial Aid Office promptly, as failure to do so will prevent your aid from being credited to your account. The state of New York requires all full-time students to have health insurance.   Your bill will include a charge for health insurance, which can be waived if you have equivalent coverage.   From the link above, click on “Health Insurance Waiver.” If your aid in any semester exceeds your tuition and fees, you will receive a refund of that credit balance approximately one to two weeks into the semester.   Please plan your non-tuition expenses (rent, food, transportation, etc) accordingly.   If your aid package includes a stipend, the timing is similar to that of credit balance refunds. You can receive refunds or stipend payments for which you qualify by direct deposit (recommended, otherwise you’ll receive them by a hard copy check through the mail); go to Student Services Online (SSOL) at https://ssol.columbia.edu/ to set this up.   This is currently only available to US citizens and permanent residents, but should be available for international students by the middle of the fall 2013 semester. SFS accepts electronic checks for payment via SSOL, but does not accept credit cards. If your bill is being paid by a sponsor or third party, please see http://sfs.columbia.edu/billing/sponsored-students for important instructions. See SFS’s website for mailing addresses if you are paying by mail.

Minimum Wage vs. Slavery - 1407 Words

SLAVERY VS. MINIMUM WAGE Le’Sean Marks English 102; Civil War Term Paper March 21, 2013 In a time like today, everyone who has ever received minimum wage could agree that it is not ideal, nor is it fair in most cases. However, to compare the brutality of minimum wage to that of slavery is preposterous! In slavery, especially the slavery that occurred in America, human beings lacked more than just proper compensation for their labor. Along with not being fairly rewarded: families were ripped apart by slave trades, dignity could never be gained, scare tactics and inferiority were at an all time high, women were raped, people were beaten almost to death, and the list goes on. There is no way to downplay minimum wage. People work†¦show more content†¦In slavery the best benefit one could get would be getting good leftovers and hand me downs from the master and his family. Healthcare for slaves consisted of examinations made by the slaves master or his hired help to determine if they were strong enough to handle the labor or clean enough to be a house slave. Dental care consisted of checking their teeth by having their mouths forcibly opened by the master’s hands. Monthly and holiday bonuses were nothing more than getting a few extra pieces of meat for dinner. As for employee discounts and services, well, slave labor was free; could they really ask for anything? The biggest thing of all that minimum wage can’t be compared to slavery is the abuse. There are three types of abuses that slaves suffered and those were physical, mental, and emotional. Employees who make minimum wage can suffer from emotional abuse, but as stated before they have the opportunity to get out of that abuse. Slaves would often be abused and the abuse didn’t stop at beating. The abuse that slaves experienced kept the submissive to their master and kept them at a level of worthlessness. Many southerners would say that slaves didn’t have any right but it is observed that slaves were important to them and this is why they did not want the slaves t o be literate because they were afraid that they would revolt. Slave masters would often abuse slaves so bad until they had noShow MoreRelatedWomen Of The United States And The World Is Violating A Person s Human Rights1364 Words   |  6 PagesLGBT, or from whatever country there are from. A higher minimum wage is one of the steps in the right direction to achieve civil and human rights. It’s Our Right Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) contains several clauses that are inserted to ensure people against slavery and unfair work. Article 4, for example, ensures the essential human right not to be subjected to slavery and subjugation. These arrangements hold critical implicationsRead MoreLabor As An Agent Of Production And The Differences Of Productive Labor And Unproductive Labor1235 Words   |  5 PagesIn this paper, I will discuss labor as an agent of production and the differences of productive labor and unproductive labor. Labor condition will capture slavery to the wages in economy. The labor production has tailored for human use, to use to an operations or positions. When it came to making bread, labor for the baker was equal to the labor for the miller which make the produced for the baker? When it comes to employment for substance such as corn, flour and wheat involves more than one stateRead MorePolitical Parties During Americ The Great Rights That Every Am erican Citizen1417 Words   |  6 Pagesleaders of the early to mid 19th century democrats. The party has had some major conflicts on their history. Most notably, the split at the Democratic national convention in Charleston over whether or not the party should support slavery. But the party ended up supporting slavery in an effort to maintain their southern voters, something that the average American would probably not think of the democratic party to do ( The Editors, â€Å"Democratic Party | Political Party, United States†). In the almost two-hundredRead MoreMarch on Washington for Jobs and Freedom of 19631260 Words   |  6 Pagessegregation of schools took place in 1954 with the Brown vs. Board of Education court case. The case went to the Supreme Court in which Earl Warren gave the ruling that the school systems were unconstitutional and violating the 14th amendment. This formulated an end to the â€Å"separate but equal† law that was in the Supreme Court duri ng 1896 in Plessy vs. Ferguson (Brown v. Board). The NAACP, a major supporter in the March on Washington, encouraged the Brown vs. Board of Education. The police departments exhibitedRead MoreBig Business vs. Labor, 1870-19254685 Words   |  19 Pagesseemed the Puritan work ethic was still a dear part of every American citizen. Many laborers rose up to meet the standards by demanding higher wages and benefits as a result of themselves increasing their own productivity. A vicious cycle of industrialization began. As wages increased, technological advancements were pursued in order to meet the increasing wages with the same or even more net revenue. As revenue increased, laborers demanded more and more for their work. The cycle continued endlesslyRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration During The Age Of Colorblindness By Michelle Alexander1854 Words   |  8 Pagesin America. Black kids churn from rundown schools into high tech prisons. In her view, black Americans are trea ted as second class citizens. Alexander states that a power elite has ensured that they claim social regulation over minorities even as slavery and Jim Crow laws have disappeared. The author calls the current discriminatory system as a racial caste one. A key to sustaining this system according to Alexander is enticing to the anxieties and biases of lower-class whites. The writer thenRead MoreCommunism And The Communist Manifesto3222 Words   |  13 Pagesthem to be freed from Egypt and enter into a good land that flows with milk and honey. It s time for you to go back: I m sending you to Pharaoh to bring my people, the People of Israel, out of Egypt. God wanted to save these people from a life of slavery, and wanted everyone to be treated fairly, to be kind to each other, and to not take advantage of anyone. He wanted peace, he wanted good people. God is the symbol of good, so it would be difficult to relate such evil actions to anyone but the devilRead MoreDocumentary Film Analysis Worksheet2403 Words   |  10 Pagesspecific. 2 paragraph minimum (except for #1) 1. What is the title of the film you picked? I chose the film, â€Å"Slavery and the Making of America.† 2. Why did you pick this film over the others offered? I chose this film documentary over the others because I have always wanted to learn more about slavery and how it shaped and effected America. Often we are just told what we read in books or stories that have been passed down about what really went on in this country. Slavery is a big subjectRead MoreHuman Trafficking And Its Effects On Human Rights1446 Words   |  6 Pagesindividuals end up trafficked? Why does this still remain such a large problem in the 21st century? Is it something that is forever ingrained in our society? I chose to explore these couple of questions and more in hopes of answering the last one. Maybe slavery is part of our culture and something that will never be completely abolished. The culture of human trafficking is an interesting subject to explore. In particular, I wanted to look at Thailand’s culture. Thailand is located in Southeast Asia surroundedRead MoreChild Labor And Its Effects On Children1881 Words   |  8 Pagesis employment in which harms children, deprives of their childhood and youth, interferes in their ability to gain a proper education, harmful, morally dangerous and has mental and physical ramifications. Many American’s called child labor â€Å"child slavery†, not only did it deprive children of an education but it also robbed them of a proper education and condemned them to illiteracy in their future. The leading cause of child labor is linked to economics, poverty stricken families, and the necessity

Brief Article Teaches You the Ins and Outs of Buy Research and What You Should Do Today

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Quality of Life in Nigeria Free Essays

The term ‘quality of life’ (QOL) refers to the general well-being of individuals and societies. The term is used in a wide range of contexts, including the fields of international development, healthcare, and politics. â€Å"Warren Buffett, probably the world’s most successful investor, has said that anything good that happened to him could be traced back to the fact that he was born in the right country, the United States, at the right time (1930)†. We will write a custom essay sample on Quality of Life in Nigeria or any similar topic only for you Order Now None of us has a say in where he is born, but we can do something about it for our children. I therefore wish to discuss each factor associated with quality of life as related to Nigeria and plead for suggestions from all of us on how to improve on them so as to make this country a good place for us to live: * Material wellbeing as measured by GDP per head: The gross domestic product (GDP) or gross domestic income (GDI) is one of the measures of national income and output. GDP can be defined in three ways, which should give identical results. First, it is equal to the total expenditures for all final goods and services produced within the country in a specified period of time (usually a 365-day year). Second, it is equal to the sum of the value added at every stage of production by all the industries, plus taxes and minus subsidies on products. Third, it is equal to the sum of the income generated by production like compensation of employees, taxes on production and imports less subsidies, and gross operating surplus. The gross domestic product (GDP) measures of national income and output for a given country’s economy. The gross domestic product (GDP) is equal to the total expenditures for all final goods and services produced within the country in a stipulated period of time. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Nigeria was worth 243. 98 billion US dollars in 2011. The GDP value of Nigeria represents 0. 39 percent of the world economy. GDP in Nigeria is reported by the World Bank. Historically, from 1961 until 2011, Nigeria GDP averaged 50. 07 USD Billion reaching an all time high of 243. 98 USD Billion in December of 2011 and a record low of 4. 40 USD Billion in December of 1961. This is low as compared to 14. 99 USD Trillion of United States in 2011. * Life expectancy at birth: Life expectancy at birth indicates the number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life. In other words, it contains the average number of years to be lived by a group of people born in the same year, if mortality at each age remains constant in the future. The entry includes ‘total population’ as well as the ‘male’ and ‘female’ components. Life expectancy at birth is also a measure of overall quality of life in a country and summarizes the mortality at all ages. It can also be thought of as indicating the potential return on investment in human capital and is necessary for the calculation of various actuarial measures. It is estimated to be 52. 05 years for total population, 48. 95 years for male and 55. 53 years for female (2012 estimates) in Nigeria. This is low as compared to 78 years in Qatar for example. * The quality of family life, based primarily on divorce rates: Family quality of life refers to the extent to which families’ needs are met, family members enjoy their life together, and family members have a chance to do the things that are important to them. The five domains of family quality of life are emotional well-being, parenting, family interaction, physical/material well-being, and disability-related support. * The state of political freedom: Political freedom is described as a relationship free of oppression or coercion; the absence of disabling conditions for an individual and the fulfillment of enabling conditions; or the absence of lived conditions of compulsion, e. g. economic compulsion, in a society. It can also refer to the positive exercise of rights, capacities and possibilities for action, and the exercise of social or group rights. The concept can also include freedom from â€Å"internal† constraints on political action or speech (e. g. social conformity, consistency, or â€Å"inauthentic† behaviour. ). The concept of political freedom is closely connected with the concepts of civil liberties and human rights, which in democratic societies are usually afforded legal protection from the state. * Job security (measured by the unemployment rate): Job security is the probability that an individual will keep his or her job; a job with a high level of job security is such that a person with the job would have a small chance of becoming unemployed. Job security is dependent on economy, prevailing business conditions, and the individual’s personal skills. It has been found that people have more job security in times of economic expansion and less in times of a recession. Also, some laws (such as the U. S. Civil Rights Act of 1964) bolster job security by making it illegal to fire employees for certain reasons. Unemployment rate is a good indicator of job security and the state of the economy and is tracked by economists, government officials, and banks. Typically, government jobs and jobs in education, healthcare and law enforcement are considered very secure while private sector jobs are generally believed to offer lower job security and it usually varies by industry, location, occupation and other factors. Personal factors such as education, work experience, job functional area, work industry, work location, etc. , play an important role in determining the need for an individual’s services, and impacts their personal job security. Since job security depends on having the necessary skills and experience that are in demand by employers, which in turn depend on the prevailing economic condition and business environment, individuals whose services are in demand by employers will tend to enjoy higher job security. To some extent, job security also varies by employment laws of each country. A worker in Continental Europe, if asked about his job security, would reply by naming the type of statutory employment contract he has, ranging from temporary (no job security) to indefinite (virtually equivalent to ‘tenure’ n US universities but across the whole economy). However, people’s job security eventually depends on whether they are employable or not, and if businesses have a need for their skills or not, so although employment laws can offer some relief and hedge from unemployment risk, they only have a marginal contribution to job security of individuals. Fact is, individuals need to have the right skill set to have good job security. | * Climate (measured by two variables: the average deviation of minimum and maximum monthly temperatures from 14 degrees Celsius; and the number of months in the year with less than 30mm rainfall): Climate change poses a wide range of risks to population health – risks that will increase in future decades, often to critical levels, if global climate change continues on its current trajectory. The three main categories of health risks include: (i) direct-acting effects (e. g. due to heat waves, amplified air pollution, and physical weather disasters), (ii) impacts mediated via climate-related changes in ecological systems and relationships (e. g. rop yields, mosquito ecology, marine productivity), and (iii) the more diffuse (indirect) consequences relating to impoverishment, displacement, resource conflicts (e. g. water), and post-disaster mental health problems. Climate change thus threatens to slow, halt or reverse international progress towards reducing child under-nutrition, deaths from diarrheal diseases and the spread of other infectious diseases. Climate change acts predominantly by exacerbating the existing, often enormous, health problems, especially in the poore r parts of the world. Current variations in weather conditions already have many adverse impacts on the health of poor people in developing nations, and these too are likely to be ‘multiplied’ by the added stresses of climate change. A changing climate thus affects the prerequisites of population health: clean air and water, sufficient food, natural constraints on infectious disease agents, and the adequacy and security of shelter. A warmer and more variable climate leads to higher levels of some air pollutants and more frequent extreme weather events. It increases the rates and ranges of transmission of infectious diseases through unclean water and contaminated food, and by affecting vector organisms (such as mosquitoes) and intermediate or reservoir host species that harbour the infectious agent (such as cattle, bats and rodents). Changes in temperature, rainfall and seasonality compromise agricultural production in many regions, including some of the least developed countries, thus jeopardising child health and growth and the overall health and functional capacity of adults. As warming proceeds, the severity (and perhaps frequency) of weather-related disasters will increase – and appears to have done so in a number of regions of the world over the past several decades. Therefore, in summary, global warming, together with resultant changes in food and water supplies, can indirectly cause increases in a range of adverse health outcomes, including malnutrition, diarrhea, injuries, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, and water-borne and insect-transmitted diseases. Health equity and climate change have a major impact on human health and quality of life, and are interlinked in a number of ways. The report of the WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health points out that disadvantaged communities are likely to shoulder a disproportionate share of the burden of climate change because of their increased exposure and vulnerability to health threats. Over 90 percent of malaria and diarrhea deaths are borne by children aged 5 years or younger, mostly in developing countries. Other severely affected population groups include women, the elderly and people living in small island developing states and other coastal regions, mega-cities or mountainous areas. Climate change can lead to dramatic increases in prevalence of a variety of infectious diseases. Beginning in the mid-70s, there has been an â€Å"emergence, resurgence and redistribution of infectious diseases†. Reasons for this are likely multicausal, dependent on a variety of social, environmental and climatic factors, however, many argue that the â€Å"volatility of infectious disease may be one of the earliest biological expressions of climate nstability†. Though many infectious diseases are affected by changes in climate, vector-borne diseases, such as malaria, dengue fever and leishmaniasis, present the strongest causal relationship. Malaria in particular, which kills approximately 300,000 children annually, poses the most imminent threat. Often it is argued that Africa need not care about climate change because in global dimensions Africa itself produces negligible greenhouse gases. Climate change is primarily caused by the developed countries, so they should be the ones dealing with it. However, it is the bitter irony of destiny that Africa contributes least of all the continents to the climate change, but will probably suffer most from its consequences. According to economists it is a typical case of negative external effects, an externalisation of costs: A noninvolved party bears the costs of a third party’s actions. As Africa is exposed to a number of resource-consuming stressors (ranging from HIV to corruption to permanent crises and conflicts), comparatively few resources remain to react proactively on the climate change. Seeing the climate change as an external shock to the continent caused by the externalisation of costs of a third party, payments and assistance can be considered to be a reasonable way to compensate Africa for the negative climate effects. Currently, there is no evidence to suggest that the rapid onset of climate change is subsiding. Even if we miraculously managed to stop all greenhouse gas emissions, we would still be faced with the potentially irreversible changes we have already brought. Thus, it is essential that we adapt to these changing conditions. Our response will be both reactive and anticipatory and will need to take place at many levels (legislative, engineering and personal-behaviour). In response to malaria we will need to, for example, improve the quality and accessibility of health services, identify and target response towards vulnerable populations, improve our modelling and surveillance capacity, and implement broad-based public education campaigns. Personal physical security ratings (based primarily on recorded homicide rates and ratings for risk from crime and terrorism): Physical security is primarily concerned with restricting physical access by unauthorized people (commonly interpreted as intruders) to controlled facilities, although there are other considerations and situations in which physical security measures are valuable (for example, limiting access within a facility and/or to specific assets, and environmental controls to reduce physical incidents such as fires and floods). Security inevitably incurs costs and, in reality, it can never be perfect or complete – in other words, security can reduce but cannot entirely eliminate risks. Given that controls are imperfect, strong physical security applies the principle of defense in depth using appropriate combinations of overlapping and complementary controls. Physical security is not uniquely human. The practice of actively defending a territory against intruders or opponents is very common in the animal kingdom. Physical security is also not a modern phenomenon. The technology is continually evolving along with the threats. Physical security controls that were considered adequate in the past tend to be insecure today due to advances in the knowledge and capabilities of attackers. The goal of physical security is to convince potential attackers that the likely costs of attack exceeds the value of making the attack, e. g. that consequences of a failed attack may well exceed the gain. The combination of layered security features establishes the presence of territoriality. The initial layer of security for a campus, building, office, or other physical space uses crime prevention through environmental design to deter threats. Some of the most common examples are also the most basic: warning signs or window stickers, fences, vehicle barriers, vehicle height-restrictors, restricted access points, security lighting and trenches. However, even passive things like hedgerows may be sufficient in some circumstances. * Quality of community life (based on membership in social organisations): The community life of a set of people is based on their culture. Community life is almost the same with culture of the people and this entails activities within the regulation and scope of culture which morality also takes cognizance of. The number and kinds of people in a community have a great influence on type of community/social living, and this is where the traditions of such people have a great role to play. Traditions are the customs, practices, bits of legend and folklore and legends go a long way in establishing the community life, that tangible quality which makes it different in spirit from other communities in the same circumstances. Similarly, people in a community share legends and bits of folklore and this common heritage from the past gives people a sense of community solidarity. Governance (measured by ratings for corruption): There are various reasons why the situation has come to this dangerous abyss but when compared to other societies, it is obvious that Nigeria lack a home grown ruling class that in addition to everything else should set the direction of the nation by detailing set objectives and the steps and aims necessary to achieve desired goals. What obtains today is the governance of Niger ia by a political structure whose main objective is to take and plunder the land without giving back anything to the country. According to the oxford English dictionary governance mean to rule over, be in power over, exercise control over and hold sway over. In other words governance is a form of dictatorship. As it applies to Nigeria, governance is a peculiar form of dictatorship presently exercising a domineering paralytic control and power over the Nigerian people. A few group of people and their families have decided to hold power over everyone else in Nigeria since the British dictatorship handed over power to them in 1960. These few individuals also inherited the same principle of divide and rule as well as the indirect rule system which foster tribalism, ethnicism, disunity and other by products including lack of peace, injustice, unfairness, bribery, corruption 419inism to just name a few of sowed and grown social environment that exist in Nigeria today. Today’s political structure takes origin right from the post colonial days and in the South Nigeria for example the NCNC and Action Group recognized and recruited sworn loyalists who were distributed to each ethnic clan/zones who in turn recruited from villages and wards. When these parties are in the seat of government political looting is transmitted downwards and during election these recruits manage the result of the election to favour the looting political structure. In the North until recently when few changes has begun to occur in the middle belt the Emirs and village heads continued from where they stopped with the British. Nothing in that inherited structure has changed. The various military interludes in government did not affect the structure but merely substituted traditional rulers in place of the party loyalists. However where the previous immediate post colonial governors did manage to provide some public amenities these present political structure have only one objective and that is filling their pockets with the Shell distributed foreign exchange and to set up family dynasties of their own. In addition to this political structure is the state machinery, a fearsome, lethal and ruthless organ that has a mind of its own that is almost alien to this world. They provide the muscle for the political structure. Then there are the activities of CIA and FBI. It is no secret that every man who has strategic position in the government of Nigeria both in the executive and political arm has a CIA or Scotland Yard or Mossad agent as confidante and as a friend. Recent figures quoted by the Swedish information on countries show that there are 65 international agencies operating in Nigeria that have no economic or social relevance and that these figures do not include the security agencies or the activities of Israel, Arabs and the Palestinians that parasite on Nigeria. The bottom line is that the brain box and factors that programme the existing political and administrative structure of Nigeria are in foreign hands. There is urgent need for a ruling class that will effect change to halt the present state of affairs and to make Nigeria a place to benefit her people now and generation to come. * Gender equality (measured by the share of seats in parliament held by women): Gender equality implies that men and women should receive equal treatment unless there is a sound biological reason for different treatment. The concept based on the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights, and the ultimate aim is to provide equality in law and equality in social situations, especially in democratic activities and securing equal pay for equal work and for example Equal Rights Amendment in United States. Significant gender gaps in education, economic empowerment and political participation remain in Nigeria. While progress towards parity in primary school education has been made, there remains a significant wage and labour force participation gender gap. Discriminatory laws and practices, violence against women and gender stereotypes hinder greater progress towards gender equality. Nigeria has a particularly high maternal mortality rate and women access to quality health care is limited, particularly in rural areas Nigeria has a National Gender Policy which focuses on women empowerment while also making a commitment to eliminate discriminatory practices which are harmful to women. The 1999 Constitution of Nigeria prohibits discrimination on the grounds of gender, but customary and religious laws continue to restrict women’s rights. As Nigeria is a federal republic, each state has the authority to draft its own legislation. However, any law which is contradictory to Federal Law or the Constitution can be challenged in a Federal Court and cannot subsist. The combination of federation and a tripartite system of civil, customary and religious law makes it very difficult to harmonise legislation and remove discriminatory measures. Moreover, certain states in the north follow Islamic (Sharia) law, although not exclusively and only in instances where Muslims make use of Islamic courts. Adherence to Islamic law reinforces customs that are unfavourable to women, including those relating to freedom of movement, and to marriage and inheritance. As of 2006, the Abolition of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women in Nigeria and other Related Matters Bill was under consideration; it is unclear whether this has been promulgated into law. Nigeria ratified the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women in 1985, and the Optional Protocol in 2004. The country ratified the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa in 2005. Nigeria’s Human Development Index score for 2011 is 0. 459, placing it in 156th place (out of a total of 187 countries). Nigeria is ranked 120th in the 2011 Global Gender Gap Index (out of 135 countries), with a score of 0. 6011. How to cite Quality of Life in Nigeria, Essays

Keynes Vs Classical Essays - Labour Economics, Keynesian Economics

Keynes Vs Classical The Classical model of the economy says that all markets always clear. The labor market failing to clear does not exist in the Classical model because of competitive exchange equilibrium in which prices and quantities always adjust perfectly. The Classical model is of a closed economy and the variables are real output, employment, real and nominal wages, the price level, and the rate of interest. It is easier to understand the classical model using five diagrams that are numbered one through five in Appendix One, The Classical Model. These diagrams represent the separate parts of the model that together illustrate, for the most part, the entire Classical model. Diagram one represents the production function, which shows the assumption that real output, y, is determined by the level of employment, N. So y is a function of N and from the slope of the function we can see that output rises as employment is increased. But there is a diminishing marginal productivity of labor, which means that each time employment increases, the increase in output will get smaller and smaller. Diagram one illustrates the relationship between output and employment in the short run, but does not determine the level of output or the level of employment. But when used together with other diagrams of the model, diagram one can be used to figure these things out. Diagram two is the labor market with the real wage, w, on the vertical axis and employment, N, on the horizontal axis. In the classical model, the supply of labor depends upon the real-wage level because as the real wage rises, more people are willing to work. The line SN represents the labor supply function and the line DN represents the demand for labor. As the real wage increases so does the labor supply function, but as the labor supply function increases, the demand for labor decreases. Because the Classical model makes real wages perfectly flexible and allows it to adjust to the level that clears the labor market, the real w age and the level of employment can be figured out by using diagram two. Once given the level of employment determined from diagram two, it is possible to use diagram one to figure out the level of output. So diagrams one and two, also know as the real sector, can be used to determine employment, real output, and the real wage without any knowledge of the monetary sector of the classical model. The monetary sector, given the level of real output, determines only the monetary or nominal variables such as the price level and the money wage. The separate treatment of the monetary sector and real sector is known as the 'Classical dichotomy.' To complete the model, diagrams three, four, and five are needed. Diagram three represents the Classical aggregate demand curve, which shows the relationship between real aggregate demand for output, y, on the horizontal axis, and the price level P, on the vertical axis. Real aggregate demand represents the sum of the demands for output of all the i ndividuals in the economy. The Classical aggregate demand curve, AD, illustrates the level of aggregate demand for a given price level. Since the government or the central bank can control the quantity of money in circulation, it also controls the position of the Classical aggregate demand curve. But it can only control the price level and other nominal variables because it is independent of the monetary sector. The full understanding of the classical model comes with diagrams four and five, which consider money-wage determination and interest rate determination respectively. In diagram four, the real wage, w, is defined as the money wage, W, divided by the price level, P. For this reason there is a relationship between money wages and the price level which results in a straight line through the origin that corresponds to the real wage. The higher the price level, the higher the money wage must be to maintain any given real wage. Diagram five determines the interest rate, r, which i s expressed as a percentage per period and depends upon the interaction of the savings and investment functions. The investment function, I, shows that the lower the rate of